Genetic factors are important when it comes to predicting problems with metabolism, like diabetes and obesity. Let's break it down simply.

1. Diabetes:

   • Studies with twins show that if one identical twin has Type 2 diabetes, there’s a 90% chance the other will, too. This shows that genes play a big role.
   • Certain genes, like the TCF7L2 gene, can increase the risk of getting diabetes by 1.5 to 2 times.

2. Obesity:

   • About 40% of the chances of being obese come from genetics.
   • The FTO gene affects how much body fat a person has. Some people with specific versions of this gene are 1.2 times more likely to become obese.
   • Since 1975, more people around the world have become overweight or obese, and genetics help explain this trend.

3. Inborn Errors of Metabolism:

   • These are genetic problems that usually show up in childhood. For some disorders, like phenylketonuria (PKU) and galactosemia, about 1 in 1,000 babies are born with them.
   • If we do genetic tests early on, we can lower health problems by 30-40% by managing these conditions quickly.

In short, genetics can strongly predict whether someone will have metabolic issues like diabetes and obesity. This is why it's important to have genetic testing in hospitals and clinics.