The ongoing discussion about whether idealism can better explain our conscious experiences than dualism or materialism has its challenges.

Idealism believes that reality is mainly mental, suggesting that consciousness is the most important part of the universe. But idealism faces some big problems.

1. Lacking Scientific Evidence:

• Unlike materialism, which uses science to understand consciousness through brain activity, idealism has trouble backing up its ideas with solid evidence. Because it relies on personal experiences, it can create a confusion since it doesn’t have the objectivity that science looks for.

2. Complexity of Experience:

• Our conscious experiences are connected with physical states and the world around us. Idealism often ignores the physical parts of consciousness, raising the question of how it explains the shared experiences of people. For example, how can multiple people experiencing the same reality fit into idealism without losing the idea of objectivity?

3. The Problem of Other Minds:

• Idealism can lead to solipsism, which is the idea that only one’s own mind is real. This creates a problem when considering the existence of other conscious beings. If consciousness is only something mental, how can we understand the experiences of others beyond just guessing?

4. Interaction with the Physical World:

• Just like dualism and materialism, idealism also struggles with how consciousness interacts with the physical world. If consciousness is the center of reality, how can thoughts or perceptions affect physical actions? Idealism needs to explain how this happens without becoming circular in reasoning.

Possible Solutions: Even with these challenges, supporters of idealism might argue for a more connected and overall view of consciousness. Here are some ideas:

• Create Scientific Models: Idealism supporters could try to develop models that connect personal experiences with things we can see, similar to how phenomenology captures what it’s like to live while still recognizing the outside world.

• Widen the Definition of Reality: By expanding the idea of reality to include shared experiences, idealists could avoid solipsism issues. This change would help create a clearer understanding of shared consciousness.

• Join Other Fields: Looking at areas like cognitive science and quantum physics could help idealism form explanations that work both in philosophy and science.

In conclusion, while idealism offers interesting views on consciousness, it has many tough challenges to face. However, by thoroughly exploring and connecting with scientific information, idealism could improve its ideas about the nature of consciousness.