Causative and passive forms in Japanese literature and media can be tough for learners to understand.

1. Complexity:

   • These forms have many meanings that can be confusing.
   • It's especially hard to tell the difference between regular and causative-passive forms.

2. Context-dependent:

   • Knowing how these forms work in different situations can make it harder to understand them.

3. Solutions:

   • Practicing a lot and looking at contexts can help learners grasp these forms better.
   • Watching and reading real Japanese media lets learners see these forms used in different ways, which can make it easier to understand.