Composers can use changes in time signatures to create tension in their music. This helps make their compositions more emotional and engaging. Here are some key ways this can work:

1. Surprising Listeners:

   • People usually expect a certain rhythm when they hear a specific time signature. For example, if a song starts in 4/4 time, listeners expect a smooth, steady beat. If the composer suddenly switches to 5/4 or 7/8 time, it can surprise the audience and create tension.

2. Adding Contrast:

   • Changing between different time signatures can make dramatic moments stand out more. For instance, moving from a calm 3/4 time (like a waltz) to a more complicated 9/8 time can create feelings of unease or urgency. Many modern composers use these contrasts to make their music more emotional.

3. Controlling Speed:

   • Time signature changes can also affect how fast or slow the music feels. For example, changing from a quick 6/8 time to a steadier 4/4 time can slow things down and build suspense before a big moment. Research shows that a lot of orchestral music uses these changes to create tension.

4. Creating Complex Rhythms:

   • Time signatures that are more complicated, like 11/8, can make the music feel unstable. When the beat is irregular, it can be hard for listeners to follow, adding to the feeling of tension. Many contemporary composers like to play around with these unusual time signatures.

5. Building Tension and Finding Resolution:

   • Composers often use time signature changes to build tension that eventually leads to a satisfying conclusion. For instance, going from a tense 5/4 back to a familiar 4/4 can offer relief and satisfaction. This technique is commonly found in movie scores to help tell emotional stories.

By using these methods, composers can skillfully change time signatures to create tension and connect with their listeners on a deeper level.