Understanding how to add and subtract mixed numbers can be tricky. Mixed numbers have both a whole number and a fraction, which can make math tougher, especially for 9th graders who might be dealing with other hard topics like algebra.

Common Problems:

1. Visualizing Mixed Numbers: It can be hard to draw pictures for mixed numbers. For example, if you want to show $2\frac{1}{3}$, you need to break shapes into thirds. Doing this correctly can be confusing and mistakes happen often.

2. Finding Common Denominators: When you add or subtract fractions, you need to change them to have the same denominator. This extra step can make students feel stuck and may stop them from using visual models effectively.

3. Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions: Many students find it hard to convert mixed numbers, like $2\frac{1}{3}$, into improper fractions, like $\frac{7}{3}$. This change can seem like one more hard thing to do when they are already feeling overwhelmed.

Helpful Strategies:

• Step-by-Step Visualization: Begin with simple drawings or use physical objects. As students get better, slowly make the problems more complex.

• Using Fraction Strips: Fraction strips can help students see how mixed numbers fit together or can be broken apart. This makes the math more hands-on and clear.

• Building on Basics: Make sure students understand common denominators and how to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions before jumping into visual models.

By tackling these challenges with clear strategies, students will start to feel more confident when adding and subtracting mixed numbers.