Mutations are like tiny changes in the genetic code of living things. They happen when DNA gets altered, which can lead to new traits. These changes can help an organism adapt to its surroundings. Here's how it works:

1. Types of Mutations:

   • Point mutations: This is when one small part of the DNA is changed. This can create a new protein. For example, a butterfly might have a mutation that changes its wing color, making it more attractive to mates.

   • Insertions and deletions: These changes can add or take away parts of the DNA. This could lead to new abilities, like being better at fighting off a disease.

2. Natural Selection:

   • If a mutation helps an organism do better, like run faster or blend in more with its surroundings, that organism is likely to survive and have babies. This idea is called "survival of the fittest."

3. Example in Nature:

   • A great example is the peppered moth. Before the Industrial Revolution, light-colored moths were common. But when pollution darkened the trees, dark-colored moths had a better chance to survive.

Through these processes, mutations are very important for evolution and help create the variety of life we see around us today!