Exploring the Law of Conservation of Energy with a Pendulum Experiment

One fun and easy way to show the Law of Conservation of Energy is by using a pendulum. This experiment helps us see how energy changes from one form to another, but never disappears totally.

Here’s how you can do it!

What You Will Need

• A small weight (like a washer or a small ball)
• A string (about 1 meter long)
• A protractor (to measure angles)
• A stopwatch (to time the swings)

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Set Up the Pendulum:

   • Take the weight and attach it to one end of the string.
   • Make sure the other end of the string is fixed so the weight can swing freely.

2. Measure the Height:

   • Pull the weight back to a certain angle, like 30 degrees, using the protractor.
   • Check the height from the lowest point of the swing to the highest point.

3. Release and Watch:

   • Let go of the weight and watch it swing back and forth.
   • Pay attention to how it moves.

4. Calculate Energies:

   • At the highest point, all the energy is potential energy. We can remember this with the formula: $PE = mgh$
   • At the lowest point, all the energy is kinetic energy. The formula for this is: $KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2$

5. Compare Energies:

   • Measure the height and speed when the weight reaches the lowest point.
   • You’ll notice that the total energy (potential + kinetic) stays the same, showing that energy is conserved.

By doing this experiment, you will clearly see how energy changes forms without any loss. This is a perfect way to understand the Law of Conservation of Energy!