Combining subtractive and FM synthesis can create exciting new sounds by using the best features of both ways to make music. Here’s an easy guide to understanding how these techniques work together.

What is Subtractive Synthesis?

• The Basics: Subtractive synthesis begins with a full sound source, like a wave shape (think sawtooth or square waves). It then removes some frequencies using filters.
• Filters: There are different types of filters. For example:
  • A low-pass filter lets low frequencies through and removes higher ones. It's often set to get rid of harsh sounds, usually between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.

What is FM Synthesis?

• The Basics: Frequency Modulation (FM) synthesis changes the frequency of one wave with another wave (called the modulator). This adds rich and complex sounds to the music.
• Algorithms: Classic FM synthesis uses specific algorithms to manage how different sound elements connect. A well-known example is the Yamaha DX7, which had 32 different ways to set up these connections, allowing for many unique sound options.

How to Combine These Techniques

1. Layering: Start with subtractive synthesis to create a base sound, then add FM elements. For instance, take a sawtooth wave and add an FM operator that changes the sound at a higher frequency (like an octave up) to make it bright and lively.

2. Sound Design Steps:

   • Oscillation: Use a rich saw or square wave as your main sound.
   • Modulation: Add an FM operator to change things like pitch and volume. This makes the sound more unique.
   • Filtering: Use a low-pass filter to smooth out any harsh sounds while keeping the interesting extra sounds created by FM.

3. Making Sounds Move: Use modulation envelopes to change the FM index and the cutoff frequency of the subtractive filter over time. This makes sounds that evolve and change. Interestingly, more than 50% of musicians use modulation to create dynamic sounds.

4. Where to Use This:

   • Ambient Music: This style mixes the rich sounds of subtractive synthesis with the unpredictable nature of FM to create dreamy soundscapes.
   • Genres: You can try these techniques in various genres like EDM, movie soundtracks, and experimental music for different results.

In Conclusion

By blending subtractive and FM synthesis, you can make rich and complex sounds. This combination helps create unique pieces in modern electronic music. By learning and using these methods, music producers can craft original sound experiences that push creative limits.