Exploration changed history a lot by helping countries take control of new lands all over the world. This happened mainly between the 15th and 17th centuries when European countries were looking for new trade routes and places to own.

1. Economic Impact:

   • During the age of exploration, many trade networks were created. For example, the Dutch East India Company started in 1600 and became very important in global trade. They controlled about half of the spice trade in Europe!
   • Colonies produced things that were very valuable, like sugar, tobacco, and gold. In the Americas, the amount of sugar made went up from 1 million tons in 1700 to 5 million tons by 1800.

2. Cultural Exchange:

   • Exploration helped people share ideas, languages, and cultures. The Columbian Exchange was one example where goods like potatoes and corn were sent to Europe. This helped feed more people and allowed populations to grow. Between 1500 and 1800, Europe’s population grew from about 60 million to 100 million!

3. Political Changes:

   • As European empires grew, the world’s balance of power changed. By 1914, European countries controlled about 84% of all land on Earth.
   • Sadly, colonization often meant that native people were treated very poorly and taken advantage of. In the Americas, about 90% of the native population was lost due to diseases and fights brought by Europeans.

In short, exploration helped economies grow and allowed cultures to mix, but it also changed political power and had serious effects on people around the world.