Isaac Newton was a scientist in the 17th century who changed how we understand motion and gravity. His work laid the foundation for modern physics.

Newton's Laws of Motion

1. First Law (Inertia): This law says that an object at rest will stay at rest unless something pushes or pulls it. For example, a soccer ball won't move until someone kicks it.

2. Second Law (F=ma): This means that the force on an object is equal to its mass (how heavy it is) times its acceleration (how fast it speeds up). Imagine pushing a shopping cart; the harder you push, the faster it goes.

3. Third Law (Action-Reaction): This law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. A good example is a rocket. When it pushes down with a lot of force, it moves up into the sky.

Law of Universal Gravitation

Newton said that every object pulls on every other object. The strength of this pull depends on how heavy the objects are and how far apart they are. He wrote this idea as a formula: $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$.

This law explains why apples fall from trees and how planets move around the sun.

Thanks to Newton's discoveries, we gained a better understanding of physics, and his ideas still help scientists today.