Neoclassicism is a style of architecture that grew out of a reaction to the fancy and detailed designs of the Baroque period. Important architects like Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Jean-Nicolas Louis Durand, and Robert Adam wanted to bring back a sense of balance, simplicity, and symmetry that had been lost.

Key Features of Neoclassicism:

1. Simplicity:

   • Unlike Baroque with all its decorations, Neoclassical buildings used clean lines and fewer ornaments.

2. Symmetry:

   • Neoclassical designs focused on shapes and an organized layout. This created a pleasing and balanced look.

3. Inspired by the Past:

   • Architects looked to the ancient Greek and Roman styles. They included elements like columns, triangular roofs (pediments), and porches (porticos) that reflected these classic ideas.

The Ideas Behind Neoclassicism:

Neoclassicism was influenced by Enlightenment thinking, which valued reason and clarity. People admired the ideas of democracy and reason found in ancient history. Architects thought that this style could help show a more logical and virtuous society.

Important Examples:

• Panthéon in Paris: Designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot, this building mixed classical designs with modern needs.

• The British Museum: Created by Robert Smirke, this museum showed the grandness of classical architecture but was made for everyone to enjoy.

Conclusion:

Neoclassicism was more than just a way to design buildings; it was a cultural shift. It aimed to help restore respect for architectural design after the extravagance of Baroque. By focusing on simple and symmetrical designs based on classical traditions, architects created a refreshing change from the overly complex styles before.