Sweden's experiences during World War I and II changed how Swedes see themselves and their role in the world. A big part of this change was Sweden's choice to stay neutral.

Neutrality in World Wars

1. World War I (1914-1918):

   • Sweden decided to remain neutral during this war.
   • This choice was influenced by Sweden's location and its past, like the Napoleonic Wars.
   • Staying out of the fight helped Sweden save its resources and keep its economy strong during a difficult time in Europe.

2. World War II (1939-1945):

   • Sweden chose neutrality again, but it was a bit trickier this time since Nazi Germany was nearby.
   • Sweden received criticism for allowing German soldiers to pass through its land.
   • At the same time, Sweden helped those escaping the war, including many Jews.
   • This difficult balancing act showed the tough choices Sweden had to make during the war, which still affects ideas about ethics and international relations today.

Effects on National Identity

• Strengthening Independence:

  • Staying neutral in both wars made Swedes feel independent.
  • Their identity became more about self-reliance and peaceful talks rather than military strength.

• Welfare State Establishment:

  • The time between the two wars and during WWII led to a focus on social welfare.
  • This helped create Sweden's modern welfare state after the wars, which is now a key part of Swedish identity. This system is all about social equality and looking out for each other.

• Global Peace Role:

  • After the wars, Sweden took on a role of promoting peace and diplomacy.
  • A famous example is Dag Hammarskjöld, who became the second Secretary-General of the United Nations and showed Sweden’s dedication to working with others for peace.

• Cultural Reflection:

  • The wars and their impacts influenced Swedish art, stories, and public conversations, focusing on peace, neutrality, and helping others.
  • An example is the film "The Seventh Seal" by Ingmar Bergman, which explores deep questions that arose from the war.

Conclusion

In short, the experiences of World War I and II changed Sweden's national identity. It moved the country toward neutrality, humanitarian values, and a strong welfare state. This shift continues to influence how Swedes view themselves in the world today.