In Spanish, adjectives are words that describe nouns. Adjectives need to match the nouns in two main ways: gender and number.

1. Gender Agreement:

• Masculine nouns usually end with -o.
  Example: "El niño alto," which means "The tall boy."

• Feminine nouns usually end with -a.
  Example: "La niña alta," which means "The tall girl."

2. Number Agreement:

• Singular adjectives (for one noun) stay the same.
  Example: "El coche rojo," meaning "The red car."

• To make adjectives plural (for more than one noun):

  • Add -s if the adjective ends in a vowel.
    For example, "rojo" changes to "rojos."
  • Add -es if it ends in a consonant.
    Example: "Los coches rojos" means "The red cars." Here, both the noun and adjective change.

3. Patterns of Agreement:

• Some adjectives that end in -e or a consonant do not change for gender:

  • "El hombre inteligente" means "The intelligent man."
  • "La mujer inteligente" means "The intelligent woman."

• For adjectives like "bueno" (good) and "malo" (bad), the short forms are "buen" and "mal." Use these before masculine singular nouns:

  • "El buen día" means "The good day."
  • "La mala noticia" means "The bad news."

Examples of Agreement:

• Singular, masculine: "El chico alto" (The tall boy).
• Singular, feminine: "La chica alta" (The tall girl).
• Plural, masculine: "Los chicos altos" (The tall boys).
• Plural, feminine: "Las chicas altas" (The tall girls).

4. Review of Related Grammar Points:

• Definite Articles: These tell you if a noun is specific:

  • "el" (masculine),
  • "la" (feminine),
  • "los" (masculine plural),
  • "las" (feminine plural).

• Indefinite Articles: These are for non-specific nouns:

  • "un" (masculine),
  • "una" (feminine),
  • "unos" (masculine plural),
  • "unas" (feminine plural).

• Important verbs to remember:

  • "ser" (to be),
  • "estar" (to be),
  • "tener" (to have),
  • "ir" (to go).

• How to make questions: You can switch the order of words for questions or change your tone. For example, "¿Es alto él?" means "Is he tall?"

Understanding these rules will help you improve your Spanish skills. Try practicing by describing different things you see around you!