Cells keep themselves balanced and healthy, even when things around them change. They do this through different ways they move stuff in and out, which is known as membrane transport.

Types of Transport Methods

1. Passive Transport

   • What It Is: This is when molecules move on their own without using energy.
   • Examples:
     • Diffusion: This is when molecules go from a crowded place to a less crowded place. For example, oxygen and carbon dioxide move this way.
     • Osmosis: This is when water moves through a special membrane, mixing in where it’s needed.

2. Active Transport

   • What It Is: This method needs energy (called ATP) to move molecules against the natural flow.
   • Examples:
     • Sodium-Potassium Pump: This pump moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and brings in 2 potassium ions. This process is super important for how nerves work.

Importance of Staying Balanced (Homeostasis)

• pH Levels: Most cells like to keep a pH level around 7.4 for normal function.
• Ion Concentration: For example, there’s usually about 145 mM of sodium outside the cell but only 12 mM inside.
• Temperature Control: Human cells work best at around 37°C.

Summary

These transport methods make sure that cells can get the nutrients they need, get rid of waste, and stay healthy. The cell membrane plays a vital role in keeping everything balanced and running smoothly.