Object-oriented programming, or OOP for short, is an important idea in computer science. It focuses on using "objects" to represent real things we see in the world. Different programming languages have their own ways of using OOP, with special rules and features.

1. Classes and Objects
In OOP, a class is like a blueprint for making objects. For example, if we want to create a class for a car in Python, it looks like this:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model

Once we have our class, we can create an object from it, like this:

my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")

If we use Java, it looks a bit different:

class Car {
    String make;
    String model;

    Car(String make, String model) {
        this.make = make;
        this.model = model;
    }
}

2. Inheritance
Inheritance lets one class use the properties and methods of another class. This saves us time and makes our code easier. For example, in Python:

class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self, make, model, battery_capacity):
        super().__init__(make, model)
        self.battery_capacity = battery_capacity

In Java, it looks like this:

class ElectricCar extends Car {
    int battery_capacity;

    ElectricCar(String make, String model, int battery_capacity) {
        super(make, model);
        this.battery_capacity = battery_capacity;
    }
}

3. Encapsulation
Encapsulation is about keeping some parts of an object safe from outside access. In Python, we can do this by using underscores to show that a variable is private:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.__make = make  # private variable

In Java, we use access modifiers to do this:

class Car {
    private String make; // private variable
}

By learning these basic ideas, students can understand how different programming languages use OOP. This knowledge helps them become better programmers in the long run.