The way we take medicine can really affect how well it works. Each method comes with its own challenges, which can make things tricky for doctors and patients.

1. Taking Medicine by Mouth (Oral Administration):

   • Challenges: When we swallow medicine, our digestive system can change how it's absorbed. Things like stomach acid, enzymes, and even the food we eat can affect this. There’s also something called first-pass metabolism, which means that some drugs, like nitroglycerin, lose a lot of their effect before they even get to our bloodstream.
   • Solutions: Scientists can work on making medicines stronger and easier to absorb. They might use special versions of drugs or new ways to deliver them. However, creating these can be complicated and might not always work out.

2. Getting Medicine Through a Needle (Intravenous or IV Administration):

   • Challenges: Using IV can get medicine into the body right away, but it takes a trained person to do it safely. There’s also a risk of problems like infections or blood clots.
   • Solutions: Making portable and easy-to-use IV machines could make this easier for patients, but it also raises questions about whether the medicine is being delivered consistently.

3. Applying Medicine Through the Skin (Transdermal Delivery):

   • Challenges: Our skin can be hard for medicine to get through. This means we might need to use more medicine or create special versions. Also, each person’s skin can be different, which adds another layer of difficulty.
   • Solutions: Using tiny needles or special materials to help get the medicine through the skin has shown promise, but there might be rules to follow that make it hard to implement.

4. Breathing in Medicine (Inhalation):

   • Challenges: When we breathe in medicine, not everyone uses their inhalers the same way, which can lead to different results. Also, illnesses like asthma can make it even harder to deliver the right dose.
   • Solutions: Teaching people how to use inhalers correctly and developing smart inhalers that can help track usage could improve things. Still, not everyone has equal access to healthcare, which is a big hurdle.

In short, different ways to take medicine can help it work better, but they also come with their own challenges that can make it less effective. Finding new ways to create and deliver medicines can offer solutions, but making sure they work well and overcoming practical challenges will need more research and teamwork in the healthcare field.