Different species of plants and animals compete for resources in their habitats. This competition affects how well they survive and reproduce. We can divide this competition into two main types: intraspecific competition and interspecific competition.

1. Intraspecific Competition:

   • This happens between individuals of the same species.
   • For example, in a group of trees, each tree seeks sunlight, water, and nutrients. Studies show that when there are too many trees in one area, their growth can slow down by up to 50%.

2. Interspecific Competition:

   • This happens between different species.
   • For example, in a forest, oak trees and maple trees both need space and light. Research shows that if two species try to occupy the same niche, one may be pushed out completely. This idea is known as the competitive exclusion principle.

Types of Resources:

• Food: Predators, like lions and hyenas, compete for the same prey. This competition affects their populations.
• Water: In dry areas, plants that have deeper roots can get more water and outcompete other plants.
• Habitat: Birds often compete for places to build their nests, which can affect how many young they can raise.

Statistics:

• About 39% of animal species feel the effects of competition for habitat.
• In a study of plant communities, competition can cause a 70% drop in growth for weaker species.

Understanding these competition dynamics is important. It helps us manage ecosystems and protect biodiversity.