Different states of matter have special ways of transferring energy. This is because their tiny particles are arranged and interact with each other in different ways. Let’s break it down:

1. Solid:

• In solids, the particles are packed tightly together.
• They don’t have much energy.
• It takes about 0.1 to 1 kJ/mol of energy to break the forces holding them together when they melt.

2. Liquid:

• In liquids, the particles are still close but can move around freely.
• They have a moderate amount of energy.
• It takes around 6 to 12 kJ/mol of energy to turn a liquid into a gas (this process is called vaporization).

3. Gas:

• In gases, the particles are far apart and move on their own.
• They have high energy.
• Changing from a gas to a liquid (this is called condensation) requires about 40 to 60 kJ/mol of energy.

When matter changes from one state to another, we can calculate the heat energy involved. The formula for this is: q = m × L
Here, q is the heat energy, m is the mass, and L is the latent heat of the phase change.

So, the way particles are arranged really affects how energy moves around in solids, liquids, and gases!