Expectancy-Value Theory and Goal Setting are important ideas that can help students do better in school. Here’s how they work:

1. Expectancy-Value Theory:

   • This idea suggests that students feel motivated when they think they can succeed and when they see value in what they are doing.
   • For example, research shows that students who believe they can get high grades are 20% more likely to do better in school compared to those who don’t have high expectations (Schunk, 2012).

2. Goal Setting:

   • When students set goals that are clear, specific, and realistic, it helps them stay motivated and perform better.
   • Students with these kinds of goals tend to do about 25% better in their studies (Locke & Latham, 2002).

3. How They Work Together:

   • When students have high expectations and set clear goals, they usually put in more effort and keep trying, which leads to better grades.
   • Plus, working on setting goals can help students believe in themselves even more, boosting their motivation to succeed.

In summary, by focusing on what they can achieve and setting clear goals, students can really improve their performance in school!