Gene mutations are changes in the DNA that can create special traits in living things. Here’s how they work:

1. Types of Mutations:

   • Substitutions: This happens when one piece of DNA is replaced by another. This can change one part of a protein.
   • Insertions/Deletions: Sometimes, extra pieces of DNA are added or taken away. This can change the whole protein.

2. Effects on Traits:

   • Mutations can cause differences like the fur color of a rabbit or how tall a plant grows.
   • For instance, a mutation could change a flower from red to blue!

Mutations help drive evolution by creating variety. This variety is what natural selection acts upon, and it leads to the amazing range of life we see today!