Genetic factors are really important when it comes to how the nervous system develops, especially when an embryo is forming.
This complicated process starts with something called the neural tube, which eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord. Here are some key ways genetics influences this development:
Gene Expression: Certain genes tell the body when and how to create different structures. For example, the Hox gene family plays a big role in dividing up the spinal cord and placing various parts of the nervous system in the right spots.
Neural Induction: This is when signals tell certain cells to turn into nerve cells. Special proteins, like BMP and FGF, help guide these cells to become neurons, which are the building blocks of the nervous system.
Cell Life and Death: Genes also help manage which cells live and which ones die in the nervous system. Controlled cell death makes sure we keep the right amount of neurons, shaping how the nervous system is organized.
Birth Defects: Sometimes, changes in genes can lead to problems like spina bifida or anencephaly. These conditions show us just how important it is to have the right genetic signals for the nervous system to develop correctly.
By learning about these genetic effects, we can find better ways to treat these birth defects in the future.
Genetic factors are really important when it comes to how the nervous system develops, especially when an embryo is forming.
This complicated process starts with something called the neural tube, which eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord. Here are some key ways genetics influences this development:
Gene Expression: Certain genes tell the body when and how to create different structures. For example, the Hox gene family plays a big role in dividing up the spinal cord and placing various parts of the nervous system in the right spots.
Neural Induction: This is when signals tell certain cells to turn into nerve cells. Special proteins, like BMP and FGF, help guide these cells to become neurons, which are the building blocks of the nervous system.
Cell Life and Death: Genes also help manage which cells live and which ones die in the nervous system. Controlled cell death makes sure we keep the right amount of neurons, shaping how the nervous system is organized.
Birth Defects: Sometimes, changes in genes can lead to problems like spina bifida or anencephaly. These conditions show us just how important it is to have the right genetic signals for the nervous system to develop correctly.
By learning about these genetic effects, we can find better ways to treat these birth defects in the future.