Geographic barriers, like mountains and rivers, make it hard for species to move around. This can create challenges for how new species come to be.

Challenges:

• Isolation: When species are cut off by barriers, they can’t connect with others. This limits their ability to share genes.
• Genetic Drift: Small groups of animals or plants can change randomly over time. This can lead to less variety in their genes.
• Adaptation Issues: Species may find it hard to adjust to new places, making it tougher for them to survive.

Possible Solutions:

• Wildlife Corridors: Building pathways for animals can help reduce their isolation.
• Habitat Restoration: Fixing up habitats can allow species to move and mix again.
• Genetic Studies: Researching genetic diversity can help plan how to protect species better.

Even though geographic barriers play an important role in how species evolve, they can also be obstacles for healthy ecosystems.