Heat and temperature are really important in understanding how matter can change between three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Let’s break it down step by step!

Solids

In solids, the tiny particles are packed close together and can only wiggle a little bit in their spots. When you add heat to a solid, like ice, the particles get more energy and start to move around more. When the temperature reaches 0°C, the ice melts and turns into water, which is a liquid.

Liquids

In liquids, the particles are still close but can move around much more freely. For example, when you heat water to 100°C, it starts to boil and changes into steam, which is a gas. Boiling happens because the added heat gives the water particles enough energy to break away and escape into the air.

Gases

Gases have particles that are far apart from each other and move around quickly in all directions. When you heat a gas, like the air inside a balloon, the gas expands, making the balloon get bigger. This happens because the particles move faster and push against the walls of the balloon.

Summary

To sum it up, heat increases the energy of particles and causes them to change states:

• Solid → Liquid when heated (this is called melting)
• Liquid → Gas when heated (this is called boiling)
• Gas → Liquid when cooled (this process is known as condensing)

So, that's how heat and temperature affect the three states of matter!