In Russian, there are some important rules that help us make sentences. Two key parts of these rules are called the nominative and accusative cases.

Noun Gender

Russian nouns can be grouped into three types:

• Masculine: стол (table)
• Feminine: книга (book)
• Neuter: окно (window)

Cases

• Nominative Case: This is used for the subject of the sentence. It tells us who or what is doing the action.
• Accusative Case: This is used for the direct object, which is who or what is receiving the action.
  • For example: Я вижу книгу (I see the book).

Basic Sentence Structure

A simple way to build a sentence is:

• Subject-Verb-Object: Я (I) читаю (read) книгу (the book).

Verb Aspect

In Russian, verbs can show if an action is finished or still happening:

• Perfective: This means the action is completed. Example: сделать (to do).
• Imperfective: This means the action is ongoing. Example: делать (to be doing).

Personal Pronouns

Here are the pronouns we use:

• Я (I)
• ты (you)
• он (he)
• она (she)
• оно (it)
• мы (we)
• вы (you plural)
• они (they)

Adjective Agreement

When we describe nouns, we match the adjective to the noun's gender:

• Example: хороший стол (good table) for masculine
• хорошая книга (good book) for feminine

Forming Questions

There are two types of questions:

• Yes/No Questions: Ты читаешь? (Are you reading?)
• Wh-Questions: Что ты читаешь? (What are you reading?)

Negation

To say that something is not happening, you can say:

• Я не вижу арбуз (I do not see the watermelon).

Simple Conditional

If you want to talk about something that could happen, you can say:

• Если у меня будет время, я прочитаю (If I have time, I will read).

By knowing these rules, you can communicate better in Russian!