Complex sentences in Japanese are different from simple sentences. They work in special ways that help us understand and connect ideas better.

Key Differences:

1. Structure:

   • Simple Sentences: These have just one complete thought. For example, "私は行く" means "I will go."
   • Complex Sentences: These have one main thought and at least one extra thought that adds information. For example, "私は行くが、雨が降ったら、家にいる" means "I will go, but if it rains, I will stay home."

2. Clause Types:

   • Relative Clauses: These give more details about a noun. For example, "私が好きな本" means "the book I like."
   • Causal Clauses: These explain reasons. For example, "疲れたから、早く寝る" means "I’m going to sleep early because I’m tired."

3. Conjunction Use:

   • About 25% of Japanese complex sentences use words like "が" (but), "ので" (because), or "と" (if/when) to connect ideas.

4. Verb Formality:

   • In complex sentences, the way verbs are used might change based on the situation. For example, special forms are often used in conditional phrases, making up about 30% of sentences.

Statistical Insight:

Research shows that complex sentences make up around 40% of written Japanese. This tells us how important they are for understanding and using the language well.

Overall, complex sentences help express deeper thoughts and show how ideas relate to each other. This skill is very important for becoming good at the Japanese language.