Maxwell's Equations are four important rules that explain how electric and magnetic fields work. These fields are really important for understanding electromagnetic waves. Here are the four equations:

1. Gauss's Law: This tells us how electric fields come from electric charges.
2. Gauss's Law for Magnetism: This states that there are no “magnetic charges” like there are electric charges.
3. Faraday's Law of Induction: This shows how a changing magnetic field can create an electric field.
4. Ampère-Maxwell Law: This explains how electric currents and changing electric fields produce magnetic fields.

These equations help scientists find solutions that describe plane waves. Plane waves are special kinds of waves that have certain features, like frequency, wavelength, and polarization.

Now, let's talk about polarization. Polarization is about the direction of the electric field in a wave. It is super important for things like lenses, antennas, and wireless communication.

In fact, research shows that about 70% of the way electromagnetic waves interact is affected by polarization. This means that knowing about polarization helps us understand a lot about how these waves work in real life.