Mutations are changes in DNA that can create new traits in living things. Over time, these changes help species get used to their surroundings. Let’s break it down:

1. Types of Mutations:

   • Helpful Mutations: These can help a plant grow in dry areas.
   • Harmful Mutations: These can lead to diseases and make it harder for the organism to survive.

2. Natural Selection:

   • Organisms with helpful mutations have a better chance to survive and have babies.
   • This means that the helpful trait becomes more common in the group.

3. Example:

   • Take the peppered moth. In England, during the Industrial Revolution, darker moths survived better. They blended in with the soot on trees, which helped them stay safe. This mutation helped them adapt to their changing home.

In short, mutations create diversity in living things, making it easier for them to adapt and grow over time!