Mutations in genes are changes in the DNA that can have a big effect on living things. Let’s break it down:

1. Types of Mutations:

   • Point Mutations: This happens when one tiny part of the DNA changes. It can affect a protein, like in sickle cell anemia, which is a blood disorder.
   • Insertions/Deletions: Sometimes, parts of the DNA are added or taken away. This can cause problems in how a gene works.

2. Impact on Traits:

   • Mutations can create new traits, like different colors in flowers. They can also lead to genetic disorders that could make someone sick.

In summary, some mutations are harmless and don’t cause any issues. But others can lead to serious health problems or even help species change and adapt over time!