Neurons and glial cells are important parts of our central nervous system (CNS). Each has a unique job, but they work together to keep everything running smoothly.

Neurons:

• Neurons are the main signaling cells in the brain.
• There are about 86 billion neurons in a human brain!
• They talk to each other through connections called synapses. There are around 100 trillion synapses in total.
• Neurons send messages using signals called action potentials, which can travel as fast as 120 meters per second.

Glial Cells:

• Glial cells are even more numerous than neurons. There are about 250 billion glial cells, making them about three times more common than neurons in the CNS.
• There are different types of glial cells, each with important jobs:
  • Astrocytes: These cells help maintain the blood-brain barrier, support neurons, and control the levels of chemicals called neurotransmitters.
  • Oligodendrocytes: Their main job is to create a substance called myelin. This substance wraps around neuron wires (axons) and helps signals travel faster.
  • Microglia: Think of these as the immune cells of the CNS. They keep a lookout for problems and help heal injuries.
  • Ependymal cells: These cells line the spaces in the brain and help produce a special fluid called cerebrospinal fluid.

Together, neurons and glial cells create a complex network in the brain. This network helps us learn, remember things, and keep our bodies balanced. Their teamwork is essential for keeping our CNS healthy and functioning properly.