Neurons are like the highways of our brain, sending and receiving information all the time. They work together in a really cool way, almost like a show. Let’s break down how they do this:

1. Parts of a Neuron:

   • Dendrites: These are like little antennas that catch signals from other neurons.
   • Cell Body (Soma): This is the main part of the neuron. It’s like the control center where all the thinking happens.
   • Axon: This is a long tail that sends messages out to other neurons.
   • Axon Terminals: At the end of the axon, these help to send out tiny chemicals called neurotransmitters that carry messages.

2. Action Potential: When a neuron gets enough signals through its dendrites, it reaches a point where it can send an action potential. This is like turning on a light—an electric change that travels quickly down the axon. It can go super fast, as much as 120 meters per second!

3. Synaptic Transmission: When the action potential reaches the axon terminals, it makes neurotransmitters jump into the synapse. A synapse is a tiny space between neurons. These neurotransmitters connect to the next neuron, either exciting it or calming it down, depending on what type they are.

4. Types of Neurotransmitters:

   • Excitatory (like glutamate): These push the next neuron to send a message.
   • Inhibitory (like GABA): These help slow things down and stop messages from being sent.

5. Resetting the Neuron: After sending a signal, the neuron has to reset. It clears out the neurotransmitters from the synapse by either taking them back in or breaking them down. This gets it ready for the next message.

Overall, neurons are always buzzing with activity! They process tons of information and help us react to everything around us. It’s a beautifully complex dance that keeps our brains working smoothly!