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How do prefixes affect the aspect of verbs like "делать" (to do) and "сделать" (to complete)?

Understanding Russian verbs is really important if you want to speak the language well. There are two main types of verbs: imperfective and perfective.

Imperfective verbs describe actions that are ongoing, habitual, or repeated.
Perfective verbs show that an action has been completed.

One way to change a verb’s aspect in Russian is by adding prefixes.

In this lesson, we will look at how prefixes work with the verb "делать" (to do) and its perfective version "сделать" (to complete). Learning about these prefixes will help you understand different verb forms and how to use them in context.

First, let’s take a look at the imperfective verb "делать." This verb means to do something over time or on a regular basis. Here’s how you would say it in the present tense:

  • Я делаю (ya delayu) — I do
  • Ты делаешь (ty delayesh') — You do (singular)
  • Он/она/оно делает (on/ona/ono delayet) — He/She/It does
  • Мы делаем (my delayem) — We do
  • Вы делаете (vy delayete) — You do (plural/formal)
  • Они делают (oni delayut) — They do

Now let’s switch to the perfective form "сделать." This form tells us that the action has been finished. By adding the prefix "с-" to the root "делать," we change the meaning to show that something is complete. The prefix "с-" means "completion." Here’s how you would say "сделать" in the future tense:

  • Я сделаю (ya sdelyu) — I will do
  • Ты сделаешь (ty sdelaesh') — You will do (singular)
  • Он/она/оно сделает (on/ona/ono sdelaet) — He/She/It will do
  • Мы сделаем (my sdelaem) — We will do
  • Вы сделаете (vy sdelaete) — You will do (plural/formal)
  • Они сделают (oni sdelayut) — They will do

Understanding how prefixes change verbs helps us understand different actions better. The prefix "с-" can be used with other verbs too. For example, the imperfective verb "строить" (to build) becomes "построить" (to build, completed).

Now let’s look at some other common prefixes that change imperfective verbs into perfective ones:

  1. пo-: This prefix shows that an action has started or been achieved.
    Example: "поехать" (to go) is from "ехать."

    • Я поеду (ya poyedu) — I will go (by vehicle).
  2. пeр-: This prefix suggests movement or change.
    Example: "переписать" (to rewrite) from "писать."

    • Я перепишу (ya perepishu) — I will rewrite.
  3. зa-: This usually means to start or finish something.
    Example: "записать" (to record) from "писать."

    • Я запишу (ya zapishu) — I will record.
  4. с-: This prefix can mean the action is done together or completely.
    Example: "собрать" (to collect).

    • Я соберу (ya sobеру) — I will collect.
  5. у-: This prefix often means to remove or finish something.
    Example: "убрать" (to clean) from "брать."

    • Я уберу (ya uberu) — I will clean up.

Now that we know how prefixes work, let’s see them in sentences to show the difference between imperfective and perfective forms.

  1. Imperfective Example:

    • Я делаю домашнее задание каждый день. (I do homework every day.)
      Here, "делаю" shows something I do regularly.
  2. Perfective Example:

    • Я сделаю домашнее задание завтра. (I will do the homework tomorrow.)
      Here, "сделаю" means I will complete the homework at a certain time.

Understanding the aspect of a verb helps us know how to express actions in time. Let’s look at a few more examples to make this clearer.

  • Continuing Actions:

    • Я пишу письмо. (I am writing a letter.)
    • Я напишу письмо завтра. (I will write the letter tomorrow.)
      The first sentence uses "пишу," meaning it's happening now, while the second uses "напишу," meaning it will be done later.
  • Ongoing vs. Completed Projects:

    • Я работаю над проектом. (I am working on the project.)
    • Когда ты закончишь работу над проектом? (When will you finish the project?)
      Here, "работаю" is ongoing, while "закончишь" shows that we expect a finish.

To practice, you can try these combinations with commonly used prefixes:

  1. Using "при-":

    • "приготовить" (to prepare) from "готовить" (to cook).
    • Я приготовлю обед. (I will prepare lunch.)
  2. Using "вы-":

    • "выиграть" (to win) from "играть" (to play).
    • Я выиграю игру. (I will win the game.)
  3. Using "дo-":

    • "договариваться" (to agree) from "говорить" (to speak).
    • Мы договоримся завтра. (We will agree tomorrow.)

Practicing these forms will help you become fluent in Russian.

In conclusion, knowing how prefixes change imperfective verbs to perfective ones is very important. By studying these prefixes and their meanings, you will be able to communicate your actions clearly in Russian. Keep practicing, and you will find it gets easier over time!

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How do prefixes affect the aspect of verbs like "делать" (to do) and "сделать" (to complete)?

Understanding Russian verbs is really important if you want to speak the language well. There are two main types of verbs: imperfective and perfective.

Imperfective verbs describe actions that are ongoing, habitual, or repeated.
Perfective verbs show that an action has been completed.

One way to change a verb’s aspect in Russian is by adding prefixes.

In this lesson, we will look at how prefixes work with the verb "делать" (to do) and its perfective version "сделать" (to complete). Learning about these prefixes will help you understand different verb forms and how to use them in context.

First, let’s take a look at the imperfective verb "делать." This verb means to do something over time or on a regular basis. Here’s how you would say it in the present tense:

  • Я делаю (ya delayu) — I do
  • Ты делаешь (ty delayesh') — You do (singular)
  • Он/она/оно делает (on/ona/ono delayet) — He/She/It does
  • Мы делаем (my delayem) — We do
  • Вы делаете (vy delayete) — You do (plural/formal)
  • Они делают (oni delayut) — They do

Now let’s switch to the perfective form "сделать." This form tells us that the action has been finished. By adding the prefix "с-" to the root "делать," we change the meaning to show that something is complete. The prefix "с-" means "completion." Here’s how you would say "сделать" in the future tense:

  • Я сделаю (ya sdelyu) — I will do
  • Ты сделаешь (ty sdelaesh') — You will do (singular)
  • Он/она/оно сделает (on/ona/ono sdelaet) — He/She/It will do
  • Мы сделаем (my sdelaem) — We will do
  • Вы сделаете (vy sdelaete) — You will do (plural/formal)
  • Они сделают (oni sdelayut) — They will do

Understanding how prefixes change verbs helps us understand different actions better. The prefix "с-" can be used with other verbs too. For example, the imperfective verb "строить" (to build) becomes "построить" (to build, completed).

Now let’s look at some other common prefixes that change imperfective verbs into perfective ones:

  1. пo-: This prefix shows that an action has started or been achieved.
    Example: "поехать" (to go) is from "ехать."

    • Я поеду (ya poyedu) — I will go (by vehicle).
  2. пeр-: This prefix suggests movement or change.
    Example: "переписать" (to rewrite) from "писать."

    • Я перепишу (ya perepishu) — I will rewrite.
  3. зa-: This usually means to start or finish something.
    Example: "записать" (to record) from "писать."

    • Я запишу (ya zapishu) — I will record.
  4. с-: This prefix can mean the action is done together or completely.
    Example: "собрать" (to collect).

    • Я соберу (ya sobеру) — I will collect.
  5. у-: This prefix often means to remove or finish something.
    Example: "убрать" (to clean) from "брать."

    • Я уберу (ya uberu) — I will clean up.

Now that we know how prefixes work, let’s see them in sentences to show the difference between imperfective and perfective forms.

  1. Imperfective Example:

    • Я делаю домашнее задание каждый день. (I do homework every day.)
      Here, "делаю" shows something I do regularly.
  2. Perfective Example:

    • Я сделаю домашнее задание завтра. (I will do the homework tomorrow.)
      Here, "сделаю" means I will complete the homework at a certain time.

Understanding the aspect of a verb helps us know how to express actions in time. Let’s look at a few more examples to make this clearer.

  • Continuing Actions:

    • Я пишу письмо. (I am writing a letter.)
    • Я напишу письмо завтра. (I will write the letter tomorrow.)
      The first sentence uses "пишу," meaning it's happening now, while the second uses "напишу," meaning it will be done later.
  • Ongoing vs. Completed Projects:

    • Я работаю над проектом. (I am working on the project.)
    • Когда ты закончишь работу над проектом? (When will you finish the project?)
      Here, "работаю" is ongoing, while "закончишь" shows that we expect a finish.

To practice, you can try these combinations with commonly used prefixes:

  1. Using "при-":

    • "приготовить" (to prepare) from "готовить" (to cook).
    • Я приготовлю обед. (I will prepare lunch.)
  2. Using "вы-":

    • "выиграть" (to win) from "играть" (to play).
    • Я выиграю игру. (I will win the game.)
  3. Using "дo-":

    • "договариваться" (to agree) from "говорить" (to speak).
    • Мы договоримся завтра. (We will agree tomorrow.)

Practicing these forms will help you become fluent in Russian.

In conclusion, knowing how prefixes change imperfective verbs to perfective ones is very important. By studying these prefixes and their meanings, you will be able to communicate your actions clearly in Russian. Keep practicing, and you will find it gets easier over time!

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