Rainforests are some of the most diverse places on Earth.

They make up about 6% of the planet's surface but are home to around 40% of all the different plants and animals! This is surprising because they take up such a small area.

Rainforests get a lot of rain, have warm temperatures all year long, and are filled with many different types of plants. This creates a special environment for many living things.

Key Features of Rainforests:

1. Climate:

   • They get between 1,750 and 2,000 millimeters of rain each year.
   • The temperature usually stays between 20°C and 30°C, no matter the season.
   • The air is very humid, usually around 77% to 88%.

2. Structure:

   • Layers: Rainforests have several layers:
     • Emergent layer: The tallest trees can grow up to 60 meters high!
     • Canopy: This is the thick layer made by the tops of trees. It hosts more than half of the wildlife in the rainforest.
     • Understory: This layer has smaller trees and plants that get a little sunshine.
     • Forest floor: This part is dark and moist, filled with decaying plants that provide nutrients to the soil.

3. Biodiversity:

   • There are an estimated 30 million species living in rainforests, including:
     • 1.5 million types of insects.
     • 40,000 types of plants.
     • 2,000 species of birds.
     • 400 species of mammals.
   • Many species are found only in rainforests, making them unique.

Why Are There So Many Different Species?

• Complex Ecosystems: The different layers create various habitats that support many organisms.
• Stable Climate: Having the same warm temperatures and plenty of rain helps many living things thrive.
• Nutrient Cycling: The rapid breakdown of dead plants creates rich soil that grows many types of plants. These plants, in turn, support different animal species.

Rainforests are very important. They help regulate the Earth's climate and absorb carbon dioxide. Protecting these unique ecosystems and the plants and animals living in them is crucial.