Sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are important types of bonds that form when atoms join together. Here's how they are different:

• How They Form:

  • σ bonds are made when orbitals from two atoms overlap directly, like two people shaking hands. This setup allows the atoms to rotate freely.
  • π bonds happen when orbitals overlap side by side, like standing next to someone with your arms crossed. This connection does not allow for easy rotation.

• Strength:

  • σ bonds are usually stronger because they overlap nicely.
  • π bonds are weaker since the way they overlap isn’t as good.

• Where They Are Found:

  • In a single bond, there is one σ bond.
  • In a double bond, there is one σ bond and one π bond.
  • In a triple bond, there is one σ bond and two π bonds.

Understanding these differences helps us see how atoms bond in different ways!