Stem cells are like building blocks for our bodies. They can change into different kinds of cells through a process called differentiation.

Steps in Differentiation:

1. Signaling: Signals from outside the cell, like hormones, tell certain genes to work.
2. Gene Expression: Some genes turn on, while others turn off, which helps create special traits for the cell.
3. Developmental Pathways: Stem cells can follow different paths, like:
   • Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): These can turn into any type of cell (we call them pluripotent).
   • Adult Stem Cells: These are more specific, like hematopoietic stem cells, which only become blood cells.

This amazing process helps stem cells turn into important cells that our bodies need, like nerve cells or muscle cells!