When it comes to fluids, the way temperature affects them can be very different depending on whether they are Newtonian or Non-Newtonian. Knowing these differences is really important in fields like fluid mechanics. It helps us understand how fluids flow, their thickness (or viscosity), and how well systems work overall.
What Are They?
Newtonian fluids are special because they have a straight-line relationship between how much force is applied to them and how easily they flow. Their viscosity stays the same even if the force or temperature changes a bit.
How Temperature Changes Them:
For Newtonian fluids, when the temperature goes up, their viscosity usually goes down. This can be explained with a simple equation (but don't worry about the math):
Example:
Take water, for instance. At 20°C, its viscosity is about 1.002 millipascal-seconds (mPa·s). But when the temperature hits 80°C, it drops to around 0.89 mPa·s. Other fluids like oils and gases behave similarly.
What Are They?
Non-Newtonian fluids are a bit trickier. They do not have a constant viscosity. Instead, their thickness can change depending on how fast they are stirred, how long they’ve been moving, and the temperature. They can behave in interesting ways like becoming thinner or thicker with movement.
How Temperature Affects Them:
Shear-Thinning Fluids:
Shear-Thickening Fluids:
Example:
Some Non-Newtonian fluids can show big changes in how thick they are with temperature. For instance, a special polymer solution can change from 5000 mPa·s at 20°C to 1000 mPa·s at 60°C when stirred moderately.
To wrap it up, how temperature affects fluids differs a lot between Newtonian and Non-Newtonian types. In Newtonian fluids, viscosity decreases smoothly with rising temperature. In Non-Newtonian fluids, the reaction can be much more complicated. Knowing these differences is super important, especially for engineers who design systems that move and work with fluids.
When it comes to fluids, the way temperature affects them can be very different depending on whether they are Newtonian or Non-Newtonian. Knowing these differences is really important in fields like fluid mechanics. It helps us understand how fluids flow, their thickness (or viscosity), and how well systems work overall.
What Are They?
Newtonian fluids are special because they have a straight-line relationship between how much force is applied to them and how easily they flow. Their viscosity stays the same even if the force or temperature changes a bit.
How Temperature Changes Them:
For Newtonian fluids, when the temperature goes up, their viscosity usually goes down. This can be explained with a simple equation (but don't worry about the math):
Example:
Take water, for instance. At 20°C, its viscosity is about 1.002 millipascal-seconds (mPa·s). But when the temperature hits 80°C, it drops to around 0.89 mPa·s. Other fluids like oils and gases behave similarly.
What Are They?
Non-Newtonian fluids are a bit trickier. They do not have a constant viscosity. Instead, their thickness can change depending on how fast they are stirred, how long they’ve been moving, and the temperature. They can behave in interesting ways like becoming thinner or thicker with movement.
How Temperature Affects Them:
Shear-Thinning Fluids:
Shear-Thickening Fluids:
Example:
Some Non-Newtonian fluids can show big changes in how thick they are with temperature. For instance, a special polymer solution can change from 5000 mPa·s at 20°C to 1000 mPa·s at 60°C when stirred moderately.
To wrap it up, how temperature affects fluids differs a lot between Newtonian and Non-Newtonian types. In Newtonian fluids, viscosity decreases smoothly with rising temperature. In Non-Newtonian fluids, the reaction can be much more complicated. Knowing these differences is super important, especially for engineers who design systems that move and work with fluids.