Minerals are identified and grouped based on a few important traits. These traits help us recognize and sort different types of minerals. Here are the main properties:

1. Crystal Structure: This is about how the atoms inside a mineral are arranged. This arrangement can create different shapes. For example, halite has a cubic shape, while quartz has a hexagonal shape.

2. Color: Color can give us some hints, but it's not always the best clue. For instance, the bright blue color of azurite can help us tell it apart from other minerals.

3. Hardness: We measure hardness using a chart called the Mohs scale. On this scale, talc is the softest, while diamond is the hardest. Diamonds are a 10 on this scale, which helps us compare how tough different minerals are.

4. Luster: This term describes how a mineral shines or reflects light. For example, pyrite has a shiny, metallic look, while quartz has a clear, glassy shine.

By understanding these properties, geologists can identify and group different minerals when they’re out in the field.