Conditional sentences in Italian are interesting! They can be separated into three main types: first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. Each type shows different chances of something happening and refers to different times.

First Conditional

The first conditional is used for real and possible situations. It has this structure:

• Form: Se + present indicative, future indicative.

Example:

• Se piove, rimarremo a casa. (If it rains, we will stay home.)

In this example, there’s a real chance of rain and what we will do if it happens.

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Second Conditional

The second conditional talks about situations that are unlikely or not true. Its structure is:

• Form: Se + imperfect subjunctive, conditional.

Example:

• Se avessi soldi, viaggerei di più. (If I had money, I would travel more.)

Here, the speaker probably doesn’t have money. So, it’s just a thought.

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Third Conditional

The third conditional is about situations that are impossible because they are related to the past. It has this structure:

• Form: Se + past perfect subjunctive, conditional perfect.

Example:

• Se avessi studiato, avrei superato l'esame. (If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.)

This looks back at something that didn’t happen, showing feelings of regret or missed chances.

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By practicing these types of sentences, you can talk about many possibilities and reflect on wishes or hypothetical events in Italian!