In this lesson, we will learn how to make regular nouns plural in Spanish. We will also go over some easy grammar rules to help you create simple sentences.

Gender of Nouns

In Spanish, nouns are either masculine or feminine. This is important because it changes how we make them plural.

• Masculine nouns: These usually end with -o.
  For example, "libro" means book.

• Feminine nouns: These usually end with -a.
  For instance, "mesa" means table.

Making Regular Nouns Plural

To change regular nouns from singular (one) to plural (more than one) in Spanish, just follow these simple rules:

1. Nouns that end with a vowel:

   • Just add -s.
     • Example: "libro" (book) becomes "libros" (books).
     • Example: "mesa" (table) becomes "mesas" (tables).

2. Nouns that end with a consonant:

   • Add -es.
     • Example: "doctor" (doctor) becomes "doctores" (doctors).
     • Example: "flor" (flower) becomes "flores" (flowers).

Making Adjectives Plural

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They must match the nouns they describe in number (singular/plural) and gender (masculine/feminine).

• If the noun is plural and masculine (like "libros"), the adjective should also be plural and masculine (like "interesantes": interesting).

• If the noun is plural and feminine (like "mesas"), the adjective should be plural and feminine (like "bonitas": beautiful).

Regular Verb Conjugation in Present Tense

It’s also important to know how to change regular verbs for the present tense. Here’s a quick overview:

• -ar verbs, like "hablar":

  • Yo hablo (I talk)
  • Tú hablas (You talk)
  • Él/Ella habla (He/She talks)

• -er verbs, like "comer":

  • Yo como (I eat)
  • Tú comes (You eat)
  • Él/Ella come (He/She eats)

• -ir verbs, like "vivir":

  • Yo vivo (I live)
  • Tú vives (You live)
  • Él/Ella vive (He/She lives)

Introduction to Irregular Verbs

Besides regular verbs, it’s helpful to learn some common irregular verbs you will use a lot:

• ser (to be):

  • Yo soy (I am)

• estar (to be):

  • Yo estoy (I am)

• tener (to have):

  • Yo tengo (I have)

Making Negative Sentences

To say something negative in Spanish, put “no” before the verb.

• Example: "Yo no hablo" (I do not speak).
• Example: "Ella no tiene un libro" (She does not have a book).

By understanding these basic rules, you will be ready to create plural nouns and build sentences in Spanish. Practice these ideas with exercises, and you’ll see your confidence in using the language grow quickly!