Subject pronouns are very important in Spanish. They help us know who is doing the action in a sentence. Here are the main subject pronouns:

• Yo (I)
• Tú (you, informal)
• Él/Ella (he/she)
• Usted (you, formal)
• Nosotros/Nosotras (we)
• Vosotros/Vosotras (you all, informal in Spain)
• Ellos/Ellas (they)
• Ustedes (you all, formal in Latin America)

Present Tense Conjugation of Regular Verbs

In Spanish, regular verbs fall into three groups:

1. -AR verbs: For example, hablar (to speak)

   • Yo hablo (I speak)
   • Tú hablas (you speak)
   • Él/Ella habla (he/she speaks)

2. -ER verbs: For example, comer (to eat)

   • Yo como (I eat)
   • Tú comes (you eat)
   • Él/Ella come (he/she eats)

3. -IR verbs: For example, vivir (to live)

   • Yo vivo (I live)
   • Tú vives (you live)
   • Él/Ella vive (he/she lives)

Forming Simple Questions

To ask simple questions in Spanish, you can use:

• ¿Qué? (What?)
• ¿Cómo? (How?)
• ¿Dónde? (Where?)

For example:

• ¿Qué comes? (What do you eat?)

Using Adjectives

Adjectives describe nouns and need to match them in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural):

• Un libro interesante (an interesting book)
• Una casa bonita (a beautiful house)

Negation

To make a sentence negative, just put "no" before the verb:

• Yo no hablo español. (I do not speak Spanish.)

Irregular Verbs

Here are some common irregular verbs:

• Ser (to be): Yo soy (I am)
• Estar (to be): Yo estoy (I am)
• Tener (to have): Yo tengo (I have)

Definite and Indefinite Articles

• Definite articles: el (the, masculine), la (the, feminine)
• Indefinite articles: un (a, masculine), una (a, feminine)

Reflexive Verbs

For reflexive verbs, like levantarse (to get up), conjugate them like this:

• Yo me levanto (I get up)
• Tú te levantas (you get up)

Future Tense

To talk about future plans, use "ir a + infinitive":

• Voy a comer (I am going to eat).

Likes and Dislikes

To say what you like or don’t like, use "gustar":

• Me gusta el chocolate. (I like chocolate.)
• No me gusta la lluvia. (I do not like rain.)

By understanding these ideas, you’ll be ready for basic conversations in Spanish!