In Spanish, subject pronouns are very important. They tell us who is doing the action in a sentence. Here are the main subject pronouns:

• Yo (I)
• Tú (you, informal singular)
• Él (he)
• Ella (she)
• Nosotros (we, for a group of boys or mixed)
• Nosotras (we, for a group of girls)
• Vosotros (you all, informal plural in Spain)
• Ellos (they, for a group of boys or mixed)
• Ellas (they, for a group of girls)

When you make sentences, remember this simple order: subject + verb + object. Here are some examples:

1. Yo como pizza. (I eat pizza.)
2. Tú estudias español. (You study Spanish.)
3. Él juega al fútbol. (He plays soccer.)
4. Ella lee un libro. (She reads a book.)
5. Nosotros vamos al cine. (We go to the movies.)
6. Ellas cantan en el coro. (They sing in the choir.)

Important Grammar Points

Noun-Adjective Agreement
In Spanish, adjectives (describing words) need to match the nouns (people, places, or things) they describe. This means they should agree in gender (male or female) and number (singular or plural).

Examples:

• La casa roja (The red house - feminine singular)
• El coche azul (The blue car - masculine singular)
• Las casas rojas (The red houses - feminine plural)
• Los coches azules (The blue cars - masculine plural)

Basic Verb Conjugation in the Present Tense
Regular verbs in Spanish end with -ar, -er, or -ir. Here’s how to change them for the present tense:

-ar verbs (like hablar – to talk):

• Yo hablo (I talk)
• Tú hablas (You talk)
• Él/Ella habla (He/She talks)
• Nosotros/Nosotras hablamos (We talk)
• Vosotros/Vosotras habláis (You all talk)
• Ellos/Ellas hablan (They talk)

-er verbs (like comer – to eat):

• Yo como (I eat)
• Tú comes (You eat)
• Él/Ella come (He/She eats)
• Nosotros/Nosotras comemos (We eat)
• Vosotros/Vosotras coméis (You all eat)
• Ellos/Ellas comen (They eat)

-ir verbs (like vivir – to live):

• Yo vivo (I live)
• Tú vives (You live)
• Él/Ella vive (He/She lives)
• Nosotros/Nosotras vivimos (We live)
• Vosotros/Vosotras vivís (You all live)
• Ellos/Ellas viven (They live)

Using Articles
In Spanish, articles (like "the" or "a") need to agree with the nouns they go with.

Definite Articles (the):

• El (masculine singular)
• La (feminine singular)
• Los (masculine plural)
• Las (feminine plural)

Indefinite Articles (a, an):

• Un (masculine singular)
• Una (feminine singular)
• Unos (masculine plural)
• Unas (feminine plural)

Examples:

• El gato (The cat - masculine)
• La mesa (The table - feminine)
• Un perro (A dog - masculine)
• Una niña (A girl - feminine)

Vocabulary Topics

To help you speak Spanish better, learn these common words and phrases:

Common Greetings:

• Hola (Hello)
• Adiós (Goodbye)
• Buenos días (Good morning)
• Buenas noches (Good night)

Numbers (1-20):

1. Uno
2. Dos
3. Tres
4. Cuatro
5. Cinco
6. Seis
7. Siete
8. Ocho
9. Nueve
10. Diez
11. Once
12. Doce
13. Trece
14. Catorce
15. Quince
16. Dieciséis
17. Diecisiete
18. Dieciocho
19. Diecinueve
20. Veinte

Days of the Week:

• Lunes (Monday)
• Martes (Tuesday)
• Miércoles (Wednesday)
• Jueves (Thursday)
• Viernes (Friday)
• Sábado (Saturday)
• Domingo (Sunday)

Family Members:

• Madre (Mother)
• Padre (Father)
• Hermano (Brother)
• Hermana (Sister)

Basic Colors:

• Rojo (Red)
• Azul (Blue)
• Verde (Green)
• Amarillo (Yellow)

These basics will help you ask simple questions, chat with others, and write short sentences.

Practice using these words and grammar often, and you’ll get better at speaking Spanish!