Cooperative federalism and dual federalism are two different ways of sharing power between the national and state governments.

Dual Federalism

• What It Means: This is sometimes called "layer cake federalism." It means that the powers of the national and state governments are clearly separated.
• Main Features:
  • The national and state governments each have their own areas.
  • They don’t work together much; each level must respect each other's boundaries.
• Example: States have their own rules about education, and the federal government doesn't get involved much.

Cooperative Federalism

• What It Means: This is known as "marble cake federalism." It shows a closer working relationship.
• Main Features:
  • Powers and responsibilities are shared.
  • There is more teamwork on important issues, like healthcare and transportation.
• Example: The national government gives money to states for education programs, but the states have to follow certain rules.

In summary, dual federalism keeps things separate, while cooperative federalism mixes things together and promotes teamwork.