Ecological succession is a really interesting process that helps change and shape ecosystems over time. There are two main types of succession: primary and secondary.

Primary Succession happens in places where there is no life at all, like right after a volcanic eruption or on bare rock. After something big happens, pioneer species—like lichens and mosses—start to grow in the area. These tiny organisms help break down the rock into soil. This makes it possible for bigger plants to grow later on. For example, when a volcanic island forms, it starts with just rock. But over many years, it can turn into a beautiful, green forest.

Secondary Succession is a bit different. It happens in places that have been disturbed but still have soil and some living things. This can happen after events like forest fires. The recovery is usually quicker than in primary succession since the soil is already there. For instance, after a wildfire, you might see grasses and wildflowers pop up fast. Then, shrubs and trees can grow back, restoring the forest in just a few years.

Both types of succession are really important. They help increase biodiversity, which means a variety of different living things can thrive. They also make ecosystems stronger and better able to adapt to changes. In the end, they play a big role in the evolution of many different forms of life.