In Russian, the word "с" can have different meanings depending on the grammatical case it is used with. Understanding this is important for speaking clearly in Russian.

Using "с" with the Genitive Case

When "с" is paired with the genitive case, it shows a feeling of separation or something is missing. It highlights what is absent or unavailable.

Examples:

1. С работы (from work)

   • Я пришёл с работы поздно.
   • I came from work late.

2. С друзьями (with friends, in the context of absence)

   • Я не хочу делиться с друзьями.
   • I don’t want to share with friends.

Using "с" with the Instrumental Case

When "с" is used with the instrumental case, it usually means friendship, teamwork, or how something is done. It gives a feeling of being together or helping each other.

Examples:

1. С другом (with a friend)

   • Я гуляю с другом.
   • I am walking with a friend.

2. С помощью (with the help of)

   • Я решил проблему с помощью моего учителя.
   • I solved the problem with my teacher's help.

Key Differences Summary

| Case | Meaning | Example Phrase | Translation | |-------------|-----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------| | Genitive | Shows separation or something missing | с работы | from work | | Instrumental| Shows friendship or teamwork | с другом | with a friend |

Practice Sentences

Now, let's practice translating these sentences. Pay attention to which case "с" is used with:

1. I entered from the store. (с магазина - genitive)
2. She is traveling with her sister. (с сестрой - instrumental)
3. He left without his bag. (с сумкой - genitive)
4. We are studying with enthusiasm. (с увлечением - instrumental)

By learning how to use "с" with both cases, you can express your thoughts and connections in Russian better. Keep practicing and talking to improve your skills!