The end of a treaty follows some important rules in international law. The main guidelines come from a document called the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) from 1969. Here’s a simpler breakdown:

1. Reasons for Ending a Treaty:

   • Mutual Agreement: The countries involved can choose to end the treaty whenever they want. This is mentioned in Article 54 of the VCLT.
   • Specific Rules in the Treaty: Some treaties include clear rules that explain how and when they can be ended.
   • Big Changes in Circumstances: Article 62 allows a country to withdraw from a treaty if there are huge changes that couldn’t have been predicted.

2. How to End a Treaty:

   • Notify: A country that wants to end the treaty must inform the others clearly about its decision.
   • Timing: According to Article 65 of the VCLT, the country being notified has a specific amount of time to respond.

3. Suspension vs. Termination:

   • Suspension: This can happen under certain conditions (Article 57), usually for a short time or if the reasons are still valid.
   • Permanent Termination: This means the treaty is completely ended when all the conditions are met.

4. Facts and Figures:

   • As of 2023, about 1,000 treaties have been ended or paused by one side, showing how treaties can change over time.
   • Studies show that nearly 20% of treaties between two countries are ended within 10 years after they are agreed upon. This means it’s normal for treaties to be reviewed and changed.

5. Judicial Role:

   • The International Court of Justice (ICJ) often helps solve disagreements about ending treaties by giving clear explanations.

In short, ending a treaty is a detailed process that follows international law. It involves agreements between countries, following the treaty rules, and handling everything carefully. This shows how international relationships can change over time.