The Cold War changed how European countries interacted with each other. It did this mainly by splitting them into two opposing groups, which created a lot of political tension.

Division of Europe

1. Eastern Bloc: Countries like Poland, East Germany, and Hungary were influenced by the Soviet Union and followed communism.
2. Western Bloc: Countries such as West Germany, France, and the UK chose capitalism and democracy. They also formed groups like NATO to work together.

Tensions and Conflicts

• Proxy Wars: European countries often got involved in wars that were actually part of the larger power struggle between the U.S. and the USSR. For example, during the Greek Civil War (1946-1949), Western countries helped the government fight against communist rebels. This showed how the Cold War affected smaller conflicts.

Economic Cooperation vs. Military Alliances

• To prepare for the threats from the East, Western nations focused on strengthening their military alliances. They also sought to improve their economies together, especially with programs like the Marshall Plan, aimed at helping rebuild European nations after the war.

Divisions and Alliances

• When the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, it not only separated the city of Berlin but also represented the deep divide in Europe. This was part of the bigger "Iron Curtain" that split the two groups of countries.

Legacy

• When the Cold War finally ended, countries in Europe had to rethink their relationships. This allowed more partnerships and cooperation, leading to the creation of the European Union. The EU became a way for former rivals to work together.

In summary, the Cold War had a huge impact on European nations. It shaped both the friendships and conflicts that outlined the continent for many years.