Abnormal blood pressure can cause major problems for patients in several ways. Let's break it down:

1. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP):

   • Normal MAP should be between 70 and 100 mmHg.
   • If MAP drops below 60 mmHg, it can hurt vital organs by not providing enough blood.

2. Blood Flow:

   • When blood pressure goes down, blood flow also decreases.
   • For example, a drop of 10 mmHg can reduce blood flow by 15%.
   • On the other hand, high blood pressure (over 140/90 mmHg) makes the blood vessels work harder, putting extra pressure on the heart.

3. Complications:

   • Long-term high blood pressure raises the chance of having a stroke by 45% and a heart attack by about 50%.
   • Low blood pressure can lead to shock, which can be very serious if not treated. The risk of death can be higher than 30% in these cases.