Exercise has a big impact on heart rate and stroke volume, which are important for how well our heart works.

When you work out, your heart beats faster. This helps pump more oxygen-rich blood to your muscles that are doing the work. For example, if you start jogging gently, your heart rate can jump from about 70 beats per minute (bpm) to around 140 bpm. This happens because your body needs more oxygen, and it releases a hormone called adrenaline that makes your heart work harder.

Stroke volume is another key factor. It refers to how much blood your heart pumps out with each beat. For a trained athlete, stroke volume can go from about 70 milliliters (mL) per beat when they’re resting to around 110 mL per beat during hard exercise. The body helps this by improving how blood returns to the heart and fills the heart chambers.

To sum it up:

1. Heart Rate: Goes up a lot when you exercise.
2. Stroke Volume: Usually goes up too, especially in people who train regularly.

These changes work together to increase the overall blood flow from your heart, which is called cardiac output. You can think of cardiac output like this:

$$\text{Cardiac Output} = \text{Heart Rate} \times \text{Stroke Volume}$$

This equation shows how exercise boosts blood flow to meet the needs of your muscles and other body parts!