Recent progress in understanding how enzymes work has really improved our knowledge of enzyme activity. This has helped both basic science and medical treatments.

1. Watching Enzymes in Action: New tools like cryo-electron microscopy and advanced spectroscopy help scientists see how enzymes work right in the moment. This helps us learn about the steps and changes that happen during reactions. For example, knowing how a drug called statin stops the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase helps us find better ways to treat high cholesterol.

2. Using Math to Understand Enzymes: We have better math models now to explain how enzymes behave. One popular model is called Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We also use more advanced models like the Hill equation to study enzymes that work together. For instance, the equation $v = \frac{V_{max} [S]^n}{K_D + [S]^n}$ helps us understand how hemoglobin carries oxygen, which is very important for people with sickle cell anemia.

3. Impact on Medicine: Understanding how enzymes can be stopped helps scientists design better drugs. This knowledge is key for creating effective treatments for different diseases.