Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are three main types of elements found on the periodic table. Each of these types has its own special qualities.
Metals
- What They Are Like: Metals are great at conducting heat and electricity. They can be shaped into different forms and they have a shiny look.
- Some Examples: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Gold (Au).
- How Many There Are: About 75% of all elements are metals.
Nonmetals
- What They Are Like: Nonmetals do not conduct heat and electricity very well. If they are solid, they can be brittle, which means they break easily, and they usually look dull.
- Some Examples: Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), and Nitrogen (N).
- How Many There Are: About 17% of all elements are nonmetals.
Metalloids
- What They Are Like: Metalloids have qualities of both metals and nonmetals. They are known as semiconductors, which means they can conduct electricity under certain conditions.
- Some Examples: Silicon (Si) and Arsenic (As).
- How Many There Are: About 8% of all elements are metalloids.
Understanding these categories helps us learn how different elements behave and how they react with each other in chemical processes.