When we talk about supply and demand, it's super important to understand how they can change.

1. Shifts in Demand:

• What It Is: This means the whole demand curve moves. It can move to the left (which means less demand) or to the right (which means more demand).
• What Causes It: Changes can happen for different reasons. These can include what people like to buy, how much money they have, prices of similar products, and what they expect in the future. For instance, if a new study shows that a food is really healthy, more people might want to buy it.

2. Shifts in Supply:

• What It Is: This occurs when the entire supply curve shifts. Just like with demand, it can go left (which means less supply) or right (which means more supply).
• What Causes It: Changes in supply can happen due to things like how much it costs to make products, new technologies, and rules from the government. For example, if someone discovers a cheaper way to make a product, there could be more of it available for sale.

In the end, understanding these shifts helps us see market equilibrium. That’s the point where supply and demand balance out, deciding the price of things. It's really interesting how everything in economics connects!